The Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty - 948 Words

Death is something that a lot of people think about, but do people think about the Death Penalty? Having been given the death penalty means that someone is going to be put to death by a lethal injection or an electric chair; There are more ways, but the injection and the electric chair are the most used. There are many different opinions surrounding the idea of death penalties; which some people think the death penalty should be used more and some believe the complete opposite. There are two main opinions on the death penalty. One opinion is that people believe that the death penalty should not stop. First, the level of support for the death penalty is dropping, but â€Å"the majority of americans support the death penalty† (Berman). Americans†¦show more content†¦People also say that â€Å"serving in lifetime jail† (ProCon) is more â€Å"severe† than being held to the death sentence. Another reason people gainsay the death sentence is that â€Å"a lot of people with mental disabilities could be condemned† (Editorial Board). Many other people believe that â€Å"some people being executed are doing the same thing as people getting away from it† (Editorial Board). Also, people are fighting to stop the death penalty by saying that â€Å"the people being executed don’t have enough money to pay for a good attorney† (ProCon). Finally, Justice Breyer, a supreme court associate, has said the â€Å"death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment† (Editorial Board) and he has called for the court to question if the death penalty is constitutional at all; furthermore, Breyer believes its time to send the practice of the death penalty to its â€Å"oblivion.† Death is a hard topic to think about, but being put to death by someone and not age is harder. People believe that the death penalty should be allowed and that it’s fine for someone to kill someone else because they have done something harsh to someone else, and then the other side of the argument is that people believe that you should not have the death penalty and that is where I stand. Innocent people can be killed through this horrid idea of killing people for their bad times. Yes, they might have done something really bad, but why not just send them to prison for life? If youShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. This is a bigRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros and Cons1636 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging areRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros Cons2512 Words   |  11 PagesTop 10 Pros and Cons Should the death penalty be allowed? The PRO and CON statements below give a five minute introduction to the death penalty debate. (Read more information about our one star to five star Theoretical Credibility System) 1. Morality 2. Constitutionality 3. Deterrence 4. Retribution 5. Irrevocable Mistakes 6. Cost of Death vs. Life in Prison 7. Race 8. Income Level 9. Attorney Quality 10. Physicians at Execution PRO Death Penalty CON Death Penalty 1. Morality PRO:Read MoreDeath Penalty Pros And Cons1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty. What laws have the Supreme Court recognized that warrant the death penalty as being cruel and unusual punishment. What are the pros and cons of the death penalty, death penalty vs. life incarceration from a financial standpoint, the death penalty is it a deterrent where crime is concerned, states that have the death penalty, the state with the highest number of death row inmates the state with the lowest, mentally ill and mental retardation, juveniles, women and the death penaltyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Death Penalty (DP), being also known as capital punishment, capital offence and corporal punishment, is a sentence of death imposed on a convicted criminal (1); this essay will use all the terms interchangeably. The DP breaches two fundamental human rights, namely the right to life and the right to live free from torture; both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which contains a list of each human rightsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was planned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or ill egally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmost shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection . For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morally correct. Many have also debated if anyone holds the right to end another’s life. The death penalty, morally wrong andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty844 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty takes the saying of â€Å"An eye for an eye† to a whole new level. From a very young age, everyone has been taught the undeniable truth that murder is wrong. So what makes capital punishment alright? Just because someone did something wrong, that doesn’t mean that person can legally be killed, as we are all human, and we all make mistakes. In the United States, 31 states allow this punishment (Sherman). Christopher Wilkins, Terry Darnell Edwards, and Rolando Ruiz are some of the manyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1939 Words   |  8 PagesThe death penalty is a serious problem that has the United States very divided. While th ere are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty three states where the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it . I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. Crime is all around, Wherever we look we find criminals and crime. Criminals have become a part of peoples daily lives,Some criminals commit a crime

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid by Virgil and the...

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid and the Odyssey I chose to compare the Odyssey written by the Greek poet Homer and the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil. I will focus my interest on Book 11 of the Odyssey and Book 6 of the Aeneid, since that is when both of the main characters make an educational visit to the underworld. The description of the underworld created by Homers wild imagination, inspired Virgil eight centuries later. Virgils masterpiece was planned as an imitation of Homers poems, so one automatically starts comparing the creations of the two authors. They were separated by eight centuries and by the cultural differences of their people. These differences are reflected on the†¦show more content†¦He travels around the world for ten years but still comes back to Ithaca. He goes into the kingdom of the dead and returns safely. It is his death and his resurrection. After a person goes through so much, he finds out everything about his inner self. He knows exactly what his fears are and how much his body can handl e physically and emotionally. Odysseuss self-knowledge becomes greater and greater through out the story. In my opinion Odysseus is simply driven by his curiosity when going to Hades, he wants to know, see and feel everything himself. But there is a formal reason for the descent - to meet the famous Theban prophet Tiresias. A sweet smooth journey home, renowned Odysseus, that is what you seek but a god will make it hard for youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[2] And even if you escape, youll come home late and come a broken man - all shipmates lost, alone in a strangers shipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[3] And at last your own death will steal upon youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a gentle, painless death, far from the sea it comes to take you down, borne down with the years in ripe old ageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[4] Everything that Odysseus asked Tiresias about was concerning his personal destiny only - the possibility of his returning home, seeing his beautiful wife and his only son. The prophecy made by Anchises, on the other hand, is of a political character. Greeks believed in life after death, but it was the life ofShow MoreRelatedThe Underworld and How It Reflects the Goals and Realities of Virgil and Homer1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Underworld and How it Reflects the Goals and Realities of Virgil and Homer Two epic poems from two great civilizations depict their authors varying views of the Underworld: The Odyssey and The Aeneid. The Greek poet Homer describes the hardships of Odysseus and his struggle to return home to his beloved wife and family after the Trojan War in The Odyssey. The Roman poet Virgil composed The Aeneid for the first emperor of the Roman Empire, Caesar Augustus, in order to rebuild Rome afterRead MoreInfluence Of The Classical World Upon Dante s The Inferno1320 Words   |  6 Pagesthe burning of Troy. Dante is very familiar with the epic poem The Aeneid and immediately recognizes that he is in the presence of the Roman poet, Virgil, who lived during the reign of Emperor Augustus; Dante has Virgil refer to that as â€Å"the noon of false and lying gods† (70-71), which supports Dante’s belief that persons who lived during that time before Christ could not be saved by their beliefs in mythology and false gods. Virgil is overcome with joy and Huston 2 amazement. â€Å"Glory and light ofRead More A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid3512 Words   |  15 PagesComparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid      Ã‚   These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be a speaker of words and one who is accomplishedRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 Pages  who  lived  during  the  2nd   century  BC.   A1   The  Creation  of  the  Gods According  to  Greek  myths  about  creation,  the  god  Chaos  (Greek  for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Gaping  Void†)  was  the  foundation   of  all  things.  From  Chaos  came  Gaea  (â€Å"Earth†);  the  bottomless  depth  of  the  underworld,  known  as   Tartarus;  and  Eros  (â€Å"Love†).  Eros,  the  god  of  love,  was  needed  to  draw  divinities  together  so  they   might  produce  offspring.  Chaos  produced  Night,  while  Gaea  first  bore  Uranus,  the  god  of  the  heavens,   and  after  him  produced  the  mountainsRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pageselders with eloquence and confidence. 3.The hero, often a demi-god, possesses distinctive weapons of great size and power, often heirlooms or presents from the gods. 4.The hero must undertake a long, perilous journey, often involving a descent into the Underworld, testing his endurance, courage, and cunning. 5.Although his fellows may be great warriors (he may have a commitatus, or group of noble followers with whom he grew up), he undertakes a task that no one else dare attempt. 6.Whatever virtues

Violence Involving Weapons Free Essays

The Board of Education has removed the principal of the troubled Martin Luther King Jr. High School after a spate of violence involving weapons at the school. Most recently, on Friday, a student sneaked a knife into the bustling five-story building and threatened another student. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence Involving Weapons or any similar topic only for you Order Now The removal of the principal, Ronald Williams Wells, came almost three weeks after a crush of students, teachers and administrators dashed from the building and for cover in classrooms when a man shot two students in what appeared to be a dispute over a girl. The school is at West 66th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, a block from Lincoln Center. On Friday, two students were arrested after one student displayed a folding knife during an argument. He passed it to a second student after security officers arrived to break up the fight. The first student sneaked the knife into the building by passing it inside a book bag through the school’s weapons scanner. Martin Luther King school officials did not call th! e Board of Education until hours later, said Catie Marshall. The Board of Education requires school administrators to call the board’s emergency information center immediately after such incidents. During an investigation into the timing of the report, Tony Sawyer, the Manhattan high school superintendent, removed Mr. Wells Ms. Marshall said. The New York Post first reported the dismissal yesterday. Mr. Wells has been replaced by Steve Gutman, a 36-year veteran of the system who retired in September but came back to the board at Mr. Sawyer’s request. Mr. Wells’s new assignment has not been announced. After the Jan. 5 shootings, Mr. Wells came under criticism for not being at work. He was on duty with the National Guard that day. Schools Chancellor Harold O. Levy, who toured the building after the shooting, found that some people who were not enrolled in courses were carrying photo identification cards. The school has had its share of trouble in the nearly three decades since it opened. Efforts to improve the curriculum have faltered, and principals have quit. Next year, the school – which is large, with about 3,000 students – will be divided into two smaller academies. The removal of a principal cannot be seen as having fixed the problem,† said C. Virginia Fields, the Manhattan borough president, who is a member of the task force working to phase out the old school. â€Å"There is much work to be done. We need to address safety and security, as well as other concerns that have been raised, including academics and student selection. † My opinion on the whole thing is that the school made the right decision to remove the princible from the school. For one reason what if something happened again like Columbine. That would not be good. How to cite Violence Involving Weapons, Papers

Personal Professional and Educational Experience

Question: How does your current employment prepare you for the future? How do your personal, professional, and educational experiences correlate; how is this correlation part of your career path? Answer: The Hospitality industry is the fastest growing service sector industry across the globe, which encompass, travel, tourism, Airliners, Hotels and such hospitality related service industries. The expectations of people who visits a business service expects to get satisfied and wish that they are been provided the best value for money with the services provided. Thus, the businesses in the sector competing with each other have more or less similar offerings in terms of provision of amenities and services in accordance to the price they charge. However, the difference that the experience and education in hospitality means that the student in their professional career can provide extra as part of the services they provide. They build the capacity to introduce the values and exposure needed to develop more value for money to the consumers experience. This extra makes the difference between a good and an average service in this sector. The current food and beverage distribution exposure would help me in various ways in the future career development. The knowledge of food and people along with their cultural preferences, tastes, likes etc learned in the process. This would enable the learner to identify the needs of people and anticipate the guests needs in advance so that the services provided can be offered which in turn makes the satisfaction factor in service delivery to the consumer. This helps the business to generate competitive advantage and the learner an opportunity to grow and thus teach the same skills needed to the people working as a manager in later stage. This learning and experience is a continuous cycle and is the key source to growth in career, in the career ahead.

Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici Research Paper Example

Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici Paper Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici One of the most famous artists ever known since the 16th century is a man by the name of Michelangelo Buonarroti.He has composed art that is both breathtaking and unmatched in such skills as painting, sculpture, architecture and poetry.Some of his most famous works of sculpture that he composed are standing in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy even today.I would like to speak of a particular piece contained in the Chapel entitled Tomb of Giuliano de Medici.First I would like to say a few words concerning Michelangelos financial status for materials and his visions for the figure. According to the book entitled, Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture;Michelangelo was an aristocratic artist working for the pope and had a nearly unlimited budget in the 1520s.Michelangelo also had a legendary ability to judge the quality of a block of marble; it was even said that he could see the figure imprisoned in it.(Pg.213)I think that this quote from author, William E. Wallace, shows a very interesting background in Michelangelos finances and genius.He had made numerous life-size statues with handpicked blocks of marble.Wallace also states that some experts believe Michelangelos financial backing helped contribute to the beauty of his work.I was not sure how to take that comment atfirst, but after looking at many of Michelangelos sculptures, I think the fact that he was particular about the quality of block which was used shows that he was a master that wanted to depict figures that were unequivocally beautiful, muscular, and harmonious. The Tomb of Giuliano de Medici is an example of Michelangelos mastery of both muscular figures as well as composition.The piece was worked on from 1519 through 1534.The piece contains three figures. The elevated central figure in the pie

The War of 1812 essays

The War of 1812 essays By any criteria the years following the War of 1812, otherwise known as the Era of Good Feelings, must be considered a time of exceptional growth and development in the United States, but above all, it may be considered a time of evolution and ripening of American nationalism, unification, and economic prowess. The war of 1812 was a very problematic war. States did not fulfill their duties, while commanders and leaders were not informed or supplied enough to keep up the war. But what awakened during this time and afterwards is something much greater then victory. The war wasnt just about Britain holding land and impressing American sailors into their navy; it was a second war of independence. It was the first war as a united country, and it was a small new nation against a large European empire. That we survived woke us up, and let us know that we did have a nation. For the first time, we were united, not for a fight of our homes and freedoms, but for ideals (The Awakening of Ameri can Nationalism, AAN). The war of 1812 began long before war was declared. It began right after the war of Independence. The British were not too fond of us breaking away from their empire, and they soon figured out that many revolts were because we had fought and won. They taxed our merchants, and hassled our ships, but they crossed the line when they began to impress our sailors into their navy. They claimed that these people had deserted the royal navy and should be given back. Though they may have been right on a few occasions, it has been proven that many innocent people were forced to be in the royal navy. On June 22, 1807, the English frigate Leopard attacked the United States frigate Chesapeake, and took from her certain of her sailors who, the Leopards captain claimed, were British citizens. (John K. Mahon, The War of 1812) This is what broke the straw on the proverbial camels back. Many citizens wanted...

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of Research Paper

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of accommodations for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games - Research Paper Example mated that the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil could provide ample accommodation for 33,000 visitors, this being the number of the hotel beds that are available (Berg, n.d.). The Olympic Games will definitely require more than this, considering that the number of visitors is expected to be much higher, estimated at a figure well above 50,000. Worse still is the fact that; the economic implication of the city would be even dire, if it engages in the erection of permanent facilities that are only to be used for accommodating the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games of 2016, and then fall short of business later. However, while uptight efforts are being made to avail the necessary accommodation through the construction of more hotels and accommodation facilities, it would even be more comfortable and innovative of the city, if it could devise other means of providing temporary accommodation, which still meets the required standards. One of the viable considerations for the temporary, yet quality accommodation provision for the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the Olympic Games of 2016, is the use of Cruise Ship (Honeywell, n.d.). There are various reasons that make this option viable. First, the city of Rio de Janeiro is surrounded by water, which makes the use of cruise ship possible, as the visitors and the athletic members will only be sleeping in the regions surrounding the city. The advantage of this option is that; it will allow for the provision of ample accommodation in areas of close proximity to the city, thus allowing for the desired convenience. The second advantage is the fact that, the use of cruise ship will allow for the temporary provision of accommodation, thus eliminating the need for construction of permanent accommodation facilities, which may then lack sufficient business thereafter, thus resulting to unnecessary tying up of substantial resources in the substantial constructions (Honeywell, n .d.). The validity of this option is the fact that, the same

The use of hypnosis in pre-conception and early pregnancy problems Literature review

The use of hypnosis in pre-conception and early pregnancy problems - Literature review Example Stress is one of the main road blocks that develop when a couple is unable to conceive and this further exacerbates the problem. Clinical hypnosis is a way to calm the nerves and make the patient feel like they're in control of the situation. Clinical hypnosis is being used to help women through all stages of conception and pregnancy as discussed in the following lines; Natural Conception: Hopeful parents never turn to IVF before having explored all options in natural conception. About ten percent of the couples having difficulty to conceive are being diagnosed with 'unexplained infertility'. The purpose that hypnosis serves here, has to do with the basic definition of it, it reduces stress and helps clean out the negative thoughts culminating in the couples. It is believed that what we think has an effect on our physical selves, so hypnosis is being used to keep all those fears at bay. In Vitro Fertilization: In Vitro Fertilization is a route that many people take when natural conce ption doesn't work. It's a well known fact that IVF takes a toll physically, emotionally as well as financially. A study conducted by Professor Eliahu Levitas and his team (2004) at Soroka Hospital, Israel,the success rate of IVF treatment can possibly be doubled using various hypnosis techniques. The professor's research was focused on the effect of hypnosis during the embryo transfer. Patients were asked to think of pleasant experiences during the embryo transfer and a hypnotic state was induced by a therapist during the procedure. After the procedure was done, patient was instructed to be calm and positive before breaking the hypnosis. The results of this study indicated that twenty eight percent of the couple undergoing ET with hypnosis had successful implantations as compared to the controls where it was merely 14% (Levitas, 2006:1404-1408). Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Now moving on to early pregnancy problems, one of the most common problems that gets women hospitalized in their f irst trimester is Hyperemesis Gravidarum. "HEG is a clinical diagnosis characterized by severe and intractable vomiting and it often associated with weight loss, ketonuria, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, and electrolyte disturbances." (Nayeri, 2012:22). It is a serious problem that must be quickly diagnosed and then treated, since it can deteriorate and harm the mother and the foetus if not taken care of. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is done with a 2 tiered approach, physical and chemical. Physical examination should include weight, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate etc but importantly, signs of dehydration should be looked for - like dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor. Although HEG is diagnosed clinically, some laboratory investigations may be helpful like urine ketones, urine specific gravity and serum electrolytes to detect any derangements in the volume status. Other blood tests can be done to exclude any other diseases (Nayeri, 2012:24). Management: Management of HEG in volves a few objectives, like lessening the nausea, correcting dehydration and any other electrolyte imbalances along with it, and maintaining maternal weight. There are two types of measures that can be taken, pharmacological and non-pharmacological. To start with, considerable evidence has accumulated that intake of multivitamins during the period of conception and

Research Methodological Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Research Methodological Approaches - Essay Example The nature of research being done dictates the type and kind of methodology which is to be employed. This is in terms of the data collection and analysis. For example, in collecting qualitative data, the researcher will probably be measuring variables and using them to verify existing theories and question hypotheses. In some instances, data is used in coming up with a new set of hypothesis based on the results of a given study. Since every research may be unique in its own way, it is common to find different methodologies being used. Segon & Booth points out that the collection of data or statistics is not the answer to understanding an underlying meaning in a study. It is the type of data obtained and how it is analyzed that will help in understanding meanings, experiences, theories, and beliefs. Data collection is always done in accordance with specific research vehicles guided by the underlying questions for that given study. This treatise looks into the various research methods which are used in academic journals. This is done by reviewing, evaluating and analyzing the methodological approaches which are used in thirty-five different studies. According to of Benedict & Gupta, different academic scholars use diverse methodological approaches to carrying out their studies. The various methodologies can generally be grouped into three major groups. These are qualitative, quantitative and quantitative research methods. Tsikata defines qualitative research as a method of inquiry which is used in academic studies with the aim of gathering the in-depth understanding of a given behavior. The method is important in helping understand the reasons behind such behavior and trends. The qualitative research investigates not only why and how a given behavior is, but also where and when it takes place. Getnet remarks that, in most instances, focused samples are used. In other studies like Tsikata, a larger sample can also be used depending on the trend being studied, and the research questions being investigated. Significant quantities of literature suggest that qualitative methodologies produce information on specific cases. On the basis of the particular subject being studied, general conclusions can be drawn. Such conclusions are referred to as informed assertions.

Key concepts of structural family therapy

Key concepts of structural family therapy Salvador Minuchins work proved to be interesting and very insightful. The information presented allowed me to see family therapy through a systematic lens. Minuchins most lasting contribution to the field of family therapy involved a theory of family structure and a set of guidelines to organize therapeutic techniques. I would like to give a brief summary of Minuchins life, in addition to some key concepts and interventions that made his journey unique. Minuchun (2010) was originally born in Argentina and served in the Israeli army. He traveled to the United States and trained in child psychiatry (Nichols, 2010). In 1954, Minuchin began psychoanalytic training at the William Alanson White Institute where he studied the interpersonal psychiatry of Harry Stack Sullivan. After leaving the White Institute, Minuchin (2010) took a job at the Wiltwyck School for delinquent boys, where he suggested to his staff that they start seeing families. According to Nichols (2010), the success of Minu chins work with families at Wiltwyck led to a groundbreaking book, Families of the Sums (1967), which first outlined the structural model. Minuchins (2010) reputation as a virtuoso therapist grew, and he became the director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in 1965. By the 1970s, structural family therapy had become the most widely practiced of all systems of family therapy. Minuchin (2010) stepped down as director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in 1976 and started his own center in New York, where he practiced until 1996. Key Concepts There are many key concepts to be explained or defined in Structural Family Therapy. In 2010, Nichols defines family structure as a way the family is organized into subsystems and how the interaction among those subsystems is regulated by boundaries. The process of a familys interaction is like the patterns of conversation at the dinner table (Nichols, 2010). The structure of the family is where the members sit in relation to one another. Within families, boundaries are established. Boundaries are invisible barriers that regulate contact with others and can be rigid, clear, or diffused. According to Nichols (2010), diffuse boundaries exist between a couple if they call each other at work frequently, neither has their own friends or independent activities and they view themselves only as a pair rather than as two separate personalities. In retrospect, theyve established a rigid boundary if they spend little time together, have separate bedrooms, take separate vacations, have different checking accounts, and are more invested in careers or outside relationships than in th eir relationship (Nichols, 2010). Boundary making is negotiating the boundaries between members of a relationship, the actual relationship and the outside world (Nichols, 2010). Nichols (2010) defines another form of a relationship as the concept of cross-generational coalition. This is an inappropriate alliance between a parent and a child, who side together against a third member of the family (Nichols, 2010). The concept of accommodation is when elements of a system automatically adjust to coordinate their functioning. Some people may need to work at this. In Structural Therapy, the therapists attempt to join the family. The concept of joining is accepting and accommodating to families to win their confidence and circumvent resistance (Nichols, 2010 p. 462). The key structural term of enactments is an interaction stimulated in structural therapy in order to observe and then change transactions that make up family structure (Nichols, 2010). According to Nichols (2010), empathy is used in structural family therapy to show understanding of the families beliefs and feelings. How Problems Arise and are Maintained According to Nichols (2010), what distinguishes normal families isnt the absence of a problem. The true origin of the problem derives within the Functional structure for dealing organization (Nichols, 2010 p. 176). They also believe that modifications in structure are required with them. Structural family therapists believe that problems are maintained by a dysfunctional family when a family or one of its members encounters external pressures (a parent is laid off, the family moves) and when developmental transitions are reached (a child reaches adolescence, parents retire). Healthy families accommodate to changed circumstances. According to Nichols (2010), less-adaptive families increase the rigidity of structures that are no longer functional. Structural therapists believe that in disengaged families, boundaries are rigid and the family fails to mobilize support when needed. Whereas in enmeshed families, boundaries are diffused and family members become dependent on one another (Nichols, 2010). What Needs to Happen for Change to Occur According to Nichols (2010), Structural Therapy changes behavior by opening alternative patterns of interaction that can modify family structures. It isnt necessarily a matter of creating new structures, but of activating dormant ones (Nichols, 2010). Structural family therapists produce change by joining the family, probing for areas of flexibility, and then activating dormant structural alternatives (Nichols, 2010 p. 177). According to Nichols (2010), the first task is to understand the familys view of their problems. The structural therapist will use enactments and spontaneous behavior sequences to better understand the families structure (Nichols, 2010). Nichols states (2010); the therapist first defines or recognizes a problematic sequence. Second, the therapist directs an enactment. Third, and most important, the therapist must guide the family to modify the enactments (Nichols, 2010). All of the therapists strategies should create new options for the family and options for productive interaction (Nichols, 2010). Interventions/Techniques According to Nichols (2010), Minuchin used three overlapping phases in the process of Structural Family therapy. The therapist joins the family in position of leadership; maps their underlying structure; and intervenes to transform this structure. The structural therapist believes that the strategy of therapy must be organized. Within this organization, the structural therapist uses seven steps that could be considered interventions or techniques. The first step is joining and accommodating. In this step, the therapist attempts to disarm defenses by building an alliance of understanding within each member of the family (Nichols, 2010 p. 180). In the second step the therapist provokes family members to talk among the selves to produce enactments. Enactments help the therapist discover many things about a familys structure (Nichols, 2010). According the Nichols (2010), structural family therapists try to assess the interrelationship of all family members by the third step of structural mapping. In the fourth step, structural therapists highlight and modify interactions. In this step the therapist may use the technique of intensity which is facilitated by using strong affect repeated intervention or prolonged pressure (Nichols, 2010 p.464). Shaping competence is another method of modifying interactions by highlighting and reinforcing the positive (Nichols, 2010). The fifth step distinguishes boundary making or the negotiation of boundaries between members of a relationship and between members of the outside world (Nichols, 2010). The sixth step consists of unbalancing. In this step the therapist aims to change the relationship within a subsystem (Nichols, 2010 p. 186). Finally, in the seventh step the therapist challenges unproductive assumptions that support structural problems (Nichols, 2010). The Goal of Therapy Structural Family therapists direct therapy at altering family structure so that the family can solve its problems (Nichols, 2010 p. 176). Structural problems are viewed as a failure to adjust to changing circumstances. Therefore, structural therapists see their work as activating latent adaptive structures that are already in client families repertoires (Simon, 1995 p. 176). First, the structural family therapist joins the family system to help its members change their structure. By altering boundaries and realigning subsystems, the therapist is able to change the behavior and experience of each family member (Nichols, 2010). For a structural therapist, one of the most important goals of therapy is the creation of an effective hierarchy (Nichols, 2010). According to Nichols (2010), another common goal of a structural therapist is to help parents function together as an executive subsystem. In contrast, the goal within enmeshed families is to differentiate individuals and subsystems by strengthening the boundaries around them. The goal with disengaged families is to make boundaries more permeable (Nichols, 2010 p. 177). How the Therapeutic Alliance is or Can be Addressed (Task, Bond, Goals) Structural Family therapists would like for clients to be in agreement with them on the tasks that they require clients to do in therapy. For example, if clients are now willing to engage in enactments, the therapist will not be able to gain an understanding of the families structural make up. Also, if clients are unwilling to do tasks like changing seating arraignments, then it could be difficult for the therapist to attempt to restructure the family boundaries. In Structure Family therapy, the therapeutic bond between the client and therapist is very important. The therapeutic bond is the foundation of structural family therapy because it helps the family trust the therapist. According to Nichols (2010), the therapist must first disarm defenses and ease anxiety. This is done by building an alliance of understanding with each member of the family. Joining, as the empathic connection is called, opens the way for family members to begin listening to each other while establishing a bon d with the therapist that enables them to accept the challenges to come (Nichols, 2010 p. 181). Without this therapeutic bond it would be hard to get families to agree upon or complete tasks given. When the therapist does not effectively join the family, a therapeutic bond is not created. Therefore, challenging of any kind could be met with resistance. Although it doesnt appear to be much goal setting in structural family therapy, it is important that the client and therapist agree on what needs to be accomplished as an end result. There needs to be some sort of ultimate goal in order for the family and therapist to know when the therapy has been successful. It is important that this is agreed upon by the therapist and family. Todays structural family therapists place more of an emphasis on helping families understand their organization (Nichols, 2010 p. 180). How Gender and Diversity/Culture Can Be Incorporated Into the Theory Since Salvador Minuchin began work on his therapeutic model of structural family therapy times have changed. More awareness has since been given to understanding diversity, culture and gender issues. It is apparent that Minuchin has been very aware of the impact of socioeconomic and cultural environment on family and individual functioning. It is important for structural therapists to understand and consider that not all family structures will look the same. Some families may have single parent families. Therefore, the power in the hierarchy may look different from a traditional two parent family. Different ethnic groups may appear to have a closeness that is very normal for that group or culture, but could appear to be enmeshed from the perspective of a therapist who was raised in a more individualistic society. It is imperative that the therapist understands his or her own cultural constructs about what a family structure should look like and be careful not to apply it to clients o f other cultural back grounds. The structural model offers the conceptual framework and the vocabulary for addressing organizational patterns, boundaries, and subsystems. It has yet to apply the framework to the dimension of gender-either to the gender-based on arrangements in the construction of marital/parental subsystem (Scheikman, 1988 p. 27), or to the gendered coalitions across generations amongst sister or brothers. According to Goldner, the generational distinction is a major focus of attention without notice taken of the distinction between genders (1985). Husbands and wives have been conceptualized as a marital or parental unit, with the most salient distinguishing feature between them ignored, perhaps to avoid falling back into an individualistic view in noting sex differences. In fact, structural family therapy diagrams, until recently, made no gender distinctions (Goldner, 1985). It is important for structural family therapists to be constantly aware and sensitive to different diversity, cultural, and gender issues that may relate to clients when doing therapy. We all come from different backgrounds and receive information differently. After summarizing structural therapy, I am now able to understand the different subsystems and boundaries from a structural point of view. Considering Minuchins structural therapy when working with diverse relationships can be a useful framework when working with todays families.

A Diamond is Forever Essay -- Essays Papers

A Diamond is Forever An Examination into the De Beers Monopoly â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† – is one of the most successful slogans of the twentieth century. The advertising slogan belongs to De Beers, the world’s most successful monopoly of trade. â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† has been the center of De Beers’ effort to establish the stone as the only appropriate gem to symbolize lifetime love and commitment. The slogan, along with the $180 million dollars spent yearly in advertising by De Beers , has been immensely successful as the company continues to remain the leader of its industry – a monopoly of the diamond trade. Control of De Beers: The slogan â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† concentrates on a combination of emotion and status. The true genius of De Beers lies in having created a connection between human love and power with something that has no value at all. You can’t eat a diamond, you can’t drive it home, you can’t make clothes out of it, you can’t build houses out of it, yet people are willing to spend a lot of money on a diamond because they feel a connection that a diamond (and their love, power, and status) will last forever. De Beers’ slogan has and continues to be a success. The idea of engagement continues to result in the purchase of a diamond ring – within three years of the slogan’s arrival on the market an estimated 80% of wedding engagements in the U.S. included diamonds. De Beer’s success comes from the common notion that diamonds are indeed rare and valuable. Until the late nineteenth century, diamonds were only found in a few riverbeds in India and in the jungles of Brazil, and the entire world production of gem quality diamonds amounted to a few pounds a year. This changed when huge diamond mines were discove... ...ss, 1990. Hoovers. â€Å"De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited†. 30 March 2004. IRIN â€Å"Botswana – Diamonds are not Forever.† 28 March 2003. 11 March 2004. Jewelers Circular Keystone. Home Page. March 2004. 30 March 2004 Kelliher Muireann. â€Å"Diamonds are Forever: An Ecometric Investigation†. 30 March 2004

Major Trends in 21st Century in ESL

Teaching students to be literate is a high educational priority throughout the world. Though this area is one of our greatest priorities, it is also one of our greatest challenges. The classroom environment has changed from many years ago. Teachers face the challenges of a large population who do not speak English and have high transient rates. For this large population, becoming proficient in a new language is a very difficult transition. This process can be frustrating and sometimes painful. Students learning a new language need as much language support as possible. Those who have taught students learning English as their second language know that any language support is helpful for their language acquisition. English language learner (ELL) students need a variety of language experiences. They need to hear language, write language, speak language and read language. Nowadays it is believe that computers and some other gadgets can play an integral part in providing ESL students with valuable language experiences as they learn a new language. Interactive whiteboards and iPad Interactive whiteboards are the most valuable digital resource in the classroom. hiteboards can be a vehicle to access online instructional and professional development resources and though tablet-style eReader devices such as Apple’s iPad haven’t been around for long, they’re already considered the second most useful mobile classroom technology behind laptops, according to some researches. Educators are incorporating more internet-dependent a technology in to their instruction, the reason of this is because digital media is a core learning support, nowadays it’s a core part of a teacher’s job. Smartphone. Another important technology used in classrooms is the Smartphone. Smartphone owners use them on the move to access information and entertainment such as music, audio books, reading, and for viewing photos and video clips. One-third of Facebook traffic is now via these devices used simultaneously for instant messaging, email and Twitter. The mobile phone application, or app, brings all the above to life in one self-contained mini-program. The growth in apps for communication, gaming and simple utility (finding the quickest route on public transport) is phenomenal. Apps are often seen as synonymous with the iPhone, which has been the leader in this area, but many commentators expect the Android operating system, which works on smartphones from other manufacturers, to overtake Apple. Apps have enormous potential for language learning because they allow for multisensory learning on the move: for learners to use chunks of time in a wait in line or on public transport. And because smartphones can store so much data or retrieve it via the internet, apps can serve as rich media dictionaries and reference tools. Technology used to improve: Verbal interaction Children need to be able to interact with each other so that learning through communication can occur. Computers can facilitate this type of environment. The computer can act as a tool to increase verbal exchange. An example in how useful can computers be for this interaction are computer books, these are interactive stories that appear on the computer screen as an actual book with text and illustrations. There are also a variety of interactive choices students can use to read the story, including: real voices that read aloud, music, and sound effects. The story is also highlighted so readers can follow along with the text. Verbal interaction and the use of a variety of language functions by English language learners can be facilitated by the use of the computer. The group's computer book reading environment fostered language development by providing an opportunity for verbal interaction. The use of the computer can be a useful supplement to the traditional curriculum of the ELL classroom by promoting verbal communication and the acquisition of English. Vocabulary development One way to use computers for English Language Learners is to teach vocabulary. Students need to learn vocabulary in context and with visual clues to help them understand. Computers can provide this rich, contextual environment. The computer also allows students to become active learners in a one-on-one environment. Computers can incorporate various learning strategies as well as accommodate a variety of learning styles. Reading There are several ways in which technology can be used to improve reading ability.. Most simple reading texts are also very primary in content. Older children may consider themselves too old to be reading such primary content books. Computers, however can increase the interest level for older students while keeping the text simple and easy to read. Another benefit of using computers for reading instruction is that the computer offers immediate feedback on performance. They also can provide added practice when necessary. Computer software and games provide many fun opportunities for students to practice literacy skills. There are numerous software packages for improving spelling, phonics skills, grammar and sight word vocabulary. When English Language Learners are learning their second language, any and all language experiences are valuable to assist in reading ability. Writing As demonstrated, computers and software can help English language learners develop vocabulary skills and knowledge. Computers can also help ELL students develop their writing skills. Writing paragraphs in a language that is still somewhat unfamiliar to students can be difficult. When using a computer, however, the use of graphics can make this much more enjoyable. Using clip art can also help students to convey their thoughts more clearly. To highlight, students have a lot of choices, such as underlining, italicizing, or changing the font size, color or type. Using a computer as a medium for studying grammar is much more motivating for a student as opposed to writing with a pencil. Computer-assisted instruction has been shown in a range of studies to facilitate learning in a variety of ways. Computers can be used to aide in teaching English Language Learners in core academic subjects, such as reading and writing. Computers can aide in vocabulary development as well as verbal language development. Ultimately, however, it is important to recognize that computers are not a substitute for effective teaching. Computers are a tool–they are simply one type of supplement to the regular curriculum in teaching English Language Learners as they develop their English language skills.

Definition and Examples of Nicknames

Definition and Examples of Nicknames A nickname is a familiar form of a proper name (of a person or place), or any descriptive name or epithet used informally. Also known as a  sobriquet or prosonomasia. EtymologyFrom the Old English, extra name Examples and Observations Rhymes, contractions, verbal analogs and suffix additions seem to be the commonest ways of forming a nickname by internal methods: Colley yields Dolly, Patricia goes to Trish and Ramow to Cow.(Jane Morgan et al., Nicknames: Their Origins and Social Consequences. Routledge, 1979)Nicknames are often descriptive, even if allusively so, though . . . they can be based on a persons forename or surname. They may replace an original name or be used in addition to it. The latter type of nickname is familiar with royal names, e.g., Alexander the Great, Ivan the Terrible, William the Conqueror. For such names, the formula with the is common, but the nickname may appear without it.(Adrian Room, An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Scarecrow Press, 1996)Teachers NicknamesGiving teachers nicknames is a way of weakening their terrible authority, probably. . . . My friends and I had teachers and coaches we called Flipper (real last name, Flappan), Stublet (not very tall), Stank (hy giene problems), Bat (short for Wombat; real name, Wambold), Dawg (short for Schoondog; real name, Schoonover), Papa Joe (longtime gym teacher), Easy Ed (beloved basketball coach), Myhoo (real last name, Mayhew), Woodchuck (real first name, Charles). There was a Latin teacher whose real last name was Wucker, an unfairly easy target; we called him Ed (his first name), Tony (what his wife called him), or Wuck.(David Owen, Call Me Loyd. The New Yorker. Feb. 11 18, 2008) The Range of Nicknames[P]laces (The Big AppleNew York), sports teams (GunnersArsenal), newspapers (The ThundererThe Times), and musical works (EroicaBeethovens third symphony) illustrate the range of entities that have been nicknamed.(David Crystal, Words, Words, Words. Oxford University Press, 2006)Ekename: The Origin of the WordA nickname is not, as one might at first suppose, a name that has been stolen or nicked from somewhere else; it is, literally, an additional name. The current form of the word, with the element as nick-, is in fact a corruption of the earlier form eke-name (with the first element as eke-). . . .An eke-name, then, is orginally an additional name: your real name is eked out by having another name added to it, and in time this ekename may become a substitute for the original. But how did ekename become nickname? . . . . When the words were written down in the Middle Ages by people who had never seen them in writing, the n evidently got detached from the an and attached to the eke, giving us a nekename; and when the vowel sound in eke is subsequently shortened through fast or lazy pronunciation, we end up with todays form, nickname.(Tom Burton, Long Words Bother Me. Sutton, 2004) ProsonomasiaProsonomasia defines a person or thing by some characteristic: the Conqueror (William I of England); the dismal science (political economy); the king of beasts (the lion); the Father of Lies (Satan): the great unwashed (the populace); the Iron Duke (Wellington); the Jolly Roger (pirate flag); the Knight of the Rueful Countenance (Don Quixote); and so on.(Willard R. Espy, The Garden of Eloquence: A Rhetorical Bestiary. Harper Row, 1983)George Carlin on the Lighter Side of NicknamesI cant understand a grown man whose nickname is Fuzzy and who actually allows people to call him that. Do these guys really introduce themselves that way? Hi, Im Fuzzy. If some guy said that to me, I would say to him, Well, you dont look very fuzzy to me.(George Carlin, When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? Hyperion, 2004)Nicknames in Monty Pythons Flying CircusInterviewer: Last week the Royal Festival Hall saw the first performance of a new symphony by one of the worlds leading modern composers , Arthur Two Sheds Jackson. Mr Jackson.Jackson: Good evening.Interviewer: May I just sidetrack you for one moment. Mr. Jackson, this, what shall I call it, nickname of yours.Jackson: Oh yes.Interviewer: Two sheds. How did you come by it?Jackson: Well, I dont use it myself. Its just a few of my friends call me Two Sheds.Interviewer: I see, and do you in fact have two sheds?Jackson: No. No, Ive only one shed. Ive had one for some time, but a few years ago I said I was thinking of getting another one, and since then some people have called me Two Sheds.Interviewer: In spite of the fact that you have only one.Jackson: Yes.Interviewer: I see, and are you thinking of purchasing a second shed?Jackson: No.Interviewer: To bring you in line with your epithet?Jackson: No.(Eric Idle and Terry Jones in episode one of Monty Pythons Flying Circus, 1969)

Writing Spaces Where to Write Why it Actually Matters

Writing Spaces Where to Write Why it Actually Matters Writing Spaces: Where to Write Why it Actually Matters You know that writers writebut did you know your writing spaces matters significantly?You’re a writer when you put your pen on your paper and create words that combine together to form a sentence. You’re a writer when you stroke the keyboard and type out an email. You’re a writer when you comment on a Facebook post.The fact is, you’re a writer whenever and wherever you add anything in writing in a physical or virtual location- but especially if youre writing a book.But where should you write? What makes a great writing space? And how do you create one?Heres what well cover about your writing space:Writing spaces at homeWriting spaces outside of the houseWhere to writeUtilize at-home writing spaces alwaysBlock out noise with headphonesSet a timer in your writing spaceWrite in the same placeWriting space tips from famous authorsRead on, my friend.You’re going to learn about my favorite writing spaces and tools for where to write and creating a writing space.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWriting Spaces at HomeCreating a writing space at home is not difficult and can generally be done without spending a lot of money. I am lucky enough to have my own writing office, but even without that, you can still create a space that is just for you and your writing.Here are a few tips to start building your writing space:Clear off the corner of your table. (It might mean that you throw away the mountain of mail you’ve been meaning to open or you finally put your laundry away, but a corner of a table will do just fine for this).Find a paper and pencil, pen and notepad, or a computer.Put your tools in that space and you’ve built a writing space.Tell your kids, your significant other, or your cat (although best of luck on training the feline) that this is your space and it is protected in a ma gical bubble where only you are allowed!Now, you have a writing space where you can do what writers do, write.If you have a small budget (less than $100) to set up a writing space, you can scour buy, sell, trade groups for small writing desks. My husband found this gem of a writing desk for $75 on a local Facebook swap site.I use it to journal during my morning routine (don’t forget to check out Chandler’s morning routine video) and outline things with good old-fashioned pen and paper.Once my brain dumping to my journal is finished, I often transition to a more standardized office desk where I have my computer set up.So if your budget is a little higher, between $300 $500, you can buy an office desk from a used furniture store and get a nice desk, with delivery and set-up.This helps you feel like you’re in more of a work mode and will be able to get things donePerhaps you have a grand budget to use. You can go to a higher-end furniture store and buy a cherry o r an oak desk for $1000-$2000. But, it is absolutely not necessary.So, if you have have as little as $0 or as much as $2000+ dollars to spend, you can set up a writing space at home for you to meet your daily writing goals.Where to Write Outside of Your HomeAnywhere!Really, anywhere? Sure, you can go anywhere to write. I have some places that I recommend and some places that I would stay away from, but you can write anywhere.Most writers have a favorite coffee shop. I have three. I love writing at a chain coffee shop when I need a little more background noise. It helps me zone into my rough draft writing and I work well when I am surrounded by others, coffee in hand, and can dedicate my time to writing. There’s also an independent coffee shop that I enjoy going to.During NaNoWriMo we had some of our write-ins there. I love that it was designed so that at any table there is a spot where we can plug in our devices and type away.I find this particularly useful when I am needing some motivation from being around other creatives, as there’s also a wall of art that changes frequently. Finally, I really like a pay-it-forward cafe that has a community table where I can go when I need to concentrate on editing. Sometimes the different niches help me out the most so that I can focus on doing what writers do write!Here are some ideas for writing spaces outside our home:The libraryA museumA parkA dinerYour backyardYour front or back porchIt will depend on what you’re writing though as to which works the best.Anywhere that you can go with your notebook, computer, or your phone is a location that you can write.So, there you have it! You can write anywhere that you can take a writing device.These are my overall recommended writing spaces:An area of your home, dedicated to writingA local coffee shopA libraryA MuseumA parkA shared officeThe beachA friends houseA dinerAnywhere that you can take a writing deviceWhich Online Writing Spaces to UseOn a noteboo k, a computer, a phone. Anywhere that you can record words and be a writer. Because that’s what a good writer does, you write.There are many different writing softwares to use for your virtual writing space.Personally, I prefer to outline, mindmap, prewrite with a good old-fashioned pen and paper. But I know many writers who prefer to do their prewriting in a Google Doc, on Scrivener, Microsoft Office 365 or in a similar space online. Be sure that no matter where you decide to write that you are free from distractions and that you write. Once you have your prewriting done, then you can move into creating a first draft.Google DocsThis is when I generally switch over from pencil and paper to an electronic format. I open up my Google Doc and I make an electronic version of my outline. This is important, because then I can quickly move from place to place in my document. After I outline on my Google Doc, I move into writing out sentences. At this point, I don’t necessarily worry about whether or not I am writing cohesive sentences, I just get words on the paper, because I am doing what writers do- they write.As Ray Bradbury says, â€Å"Quantity makes up for quality.†Microsoft WordIf you’re not a Google Docs person, there are other tools out there that you can use to capture your words electronically.The most well-known is Microsoft Word.This is great if you always have access to it, which is possible with Office 365, but for me, Google Docs works better.ScrivenerScrivener is another tool that you can use to capture all your ideas, outlines, and planning in one place. The best thing about this is that it’s web-based, so you access it anywhere that you have access to the internet. Most writers that use this tool absolutely love it- so let us know if you have it and you love it.Finally, if you’re driving and have ideas come to you, you can capture them with a speech-to-text app and then transfer them to a word processing docu ment later.This is particularly useful, as I often have ideas come to me when I am traveling. Do not let the excuse of â€Å"I don’t have a writing space† hold you back from writing, because with very few tools (most are free or minimal cost), you have a writing space or a location to write.Writing Spaces Tips for BeginnersSetting up a writing space is not always easy, but you know you want to write and you need to have a space to do what writers do: write! So here are some tips to help you.#1 Use your at-home writing space for writingYou wouldn’t take a bath in the kitchen sink, right?Right! Don’t use your writing space for other activities only use it for writing.â€Å"But I only have one computer where else do I go to get on Facebook, watch YouTube, or pay my bills?†I am guessing that if you’re like my family, you have a mobile computer a laptop, a surface, an iPAD, or something similar. For the purpose of writing at-home, make sure t hat the device goes to the designated spot you have set up for that.Then move when you’re not writing.When we move to specific places to accomplish a task, our brains engage in those tasks and we are able to focus on doing what writers do write.#2 Block out noise with headphonesYou will be distracted. If you’re writing at home and have children, your kids will distract you. If you’re writing at a coffee shop, there will be other customers (hey, you want coffee shops to have customers that’s what keeps them in business and gives you a space to write).Invest in some headphones. Our brains can process doing other things with music or white background noise. Create some by tuning into your favorite playlist.I personally find meditation music especially helpful for this.#3 Set a timerEquip your writing space with a timer. I, personally, usually have enough self-discipline to use my phone as a timer, but I love my Google Home Mini for this too.Simply say, â€Å"Hey Google Set timer for 25 minutes.† Twenty-five minutes is my magic number to get a lot of words written in a relatively short amount of time.#4 Write in the same place, at the same timeWhether you write as a part of your morning writing routine, when you get home from work, or some other time of day, write in the same place at the same time.That’s why it’s important for you to have some kind of writing space even if it’s only the corner of the table.#5 Write when inspiration hits tooKeep a dedicated writing space, but don’t forget about diving into the spontaneity of writing also.That’s why I keep my Google Doc app on my phone. I can make brief notes and then splice them together into coherent sentences later.Writing Space Tips from Famous AuthorsThe advice from almost any best-selling author is to always be ready to write anywhere. You never know where inspiration will hit, so always have something to record your thoughts. J.K . Rowling also says, â€Å"I can write anywhere.† Jodi Picoult says â€Å"I can write anywhere.† E.B. White, author of Charlotte’s Web, â€Å"A writer who waits for ideal conditions under which to work will die without putting a word on paper.†So don’t wait until you have the perfect space prepared to start writing. Just start writing, because that’s what writers do write.Writing Space Tips to Get You StartedFind a device a laptop, a computer, a phone, a notepad, a notebook, a journal to record your thoughts. Then do what writers do write.Do not wait until you can make your writing area perfect or until inspiration hits to write. Write right now. Because that’s what writers do, they write.That’s right! All you need for a writing space is a dedicated space to write and the desire to put one word in front of another and you’ve created your writing space, so write on, my friend.For additional tips on setting up a home o ffice or working from home, be sure to check out How to Successfully Work from Home (Habits, Handling Distractions, And The Ultimate Office Setup video created by Chandler Bolt.Are You Ready to Get Started Today?Publishing your book is SO CLOSE.If your ready to get started, check out this free training to help you write, market, and publish your book within 90 days!

The Sherman Antitrust Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Sherman Antitrust Act - Research Paper Example Some of the businesses have tried elimination of competition vial illegal means, for instance, assigning territories to varying competitors in an industry, and fixing prices. Antitrust laws, thus seek to eliminate illegal behavior as well as promoting fair and free marketplace competition. The Sherman Act made agreements that were in restraint of trade illegal and also made the crime to monopolize commerce and part of the trade. The Act’s purpose was the maintenance of competition in business. Congress enacted the Sherman Act to regulate interstate commerce (Liuzzo, 2012). The Sherman Antitrust Act contains seven sections. The section one provides the description that any contract, trust combination, trusts or conspiracy towards restraining commerce or trade between several states and with foreign nations are declared illegal. Courts have interpreted the Sherman Act to forbid the unreasonable restraints of trade. There has to be a conspiracy of trade and effect on the interstate commerce. Under the Rule of Reason, courts will look for many factors to decide whether the specific restraint of trade restricts unreasonable competition. To be specific, the court will consider the relevant industry make up, the position of the defendant in the industry as well as the defendant’s competitor’s ability in responding to the practice challenged and the purpose of the defendant in restraint adoption (Worth, 2011). Considering this analysis, courts are forced to consider anti-competitive and pro-competitive effects. For other types of restraints, the courts just have to recognize the restraint type, and the plaintiff has to just show that the restraint occurred. Section one of the Act makes a prohibition towards concerted action. Evidence of this action can be shown through a written or express agreement, or from circumstantial evidence. Antitrust enforcement underwent

Congressional Representation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Congressional Representation - Research Paper Example Moreover, ideology, policy preferences and the nature of information received etc can also affect the Congressmen while they vote. In short, â€Å"congressional voting on specific bills is correlated with the economic self-interest of the representative's constituents and a measure of the representative's ideology† as indicated by his broader voting record†(Bender, 1991, p.1) This paper briefly analyses various reasons why congressmen vote the way they do, and how their constituencies at times play a large role in that. The role of Hannah Pitkin’s theory; substantive vs. descriptive representation in controlling the voting behaviour of the Congressmen is also analysed in this paper. Factors which influence Congressmen while they vote Fellow Congressmen can influence a Congressman very much while he takes decisions upon certain topic. Fellow congressmen can act as the source of lots of information which may influence the Congressman while he takes decision about a particular topic. In most of the cases, Congressmen may engage in mutual discussion both in and out of the office and that also formally and informally. All these discussions will bring lot of new information which may affect the decision making process of the Congressmen. ... Thus fellow congressmen have wider influence on the decision making abilities of a particular congressman. The influence of Constituent is another major factor which controls the voting of the Congressmen. â€Å"The constituency imposes some meaningful constraints on Congressmen’s voting behaviour†(Kingdon, 1989, p.68). Moreover, â€Å"a basic principle of representative democracy is that elected officials must pay homage to their districts if they wish to secure reelection† (Crespin, n. d. p.2).It is difficult for congressmen to sacrifice the interests of the people in their constituencies since they need the support of the people for their re-election. In other words, a congressman who has planned to seek re-election should vote in accordance with the interests of the people in their constituencies. Only on issues that the constituency doesn't feel strongly, the Congressman may think of taking an independent decision. Ultimately, the congressmen have the moral responsibility or liability to explain his stands to the people in his constituencies since the people are the ones who elected him. Party leadership and the committee members can also influence the decision making or the voting of the congressmen. â€Å"The degree of party cohesions affects the voting behaviour of the congressmen†(Froman, 1963, p.57). Each party may have a well defined stand on all policy matters. In most of the cases, the congressmen vote in favour of his party’s stands. However, in many cases, congressmen take stands which are different from that of his party. For example, many democrats opposed Obama’s healthcare reform bill along with the republicans. If the president is popular in the constituency, the congressman will extend greater support to the policies of the

Private security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Private security - Research Paper Example The study by the Small Business Administration (SBA) in 2002, showed that 23.7% of small businesses fail within two years of start-ups, 51.7% fails after 4 years, 62.7% fails after 6 years and 80 % fails after 10 years (Rogers and Makonnen, 2002, p. 15). The latest statistics from the SBA shows that seven out of 10 new businesses survive at least two years and about 50% survive for only five years. As for 2008, there were 627,200 new business startups and 595,600 small business closures and 43, 546 bankruptcies. These success and failure trends do not vary greatly across different industries and sectors (score.org, 2009). Schaefer (2006) found that many entrepreneurs fail because they start their business for wrong decision and they run it with poor management. Those who failed with new businesses have been fund that they lack sufficient capital and proper planning. Many businesses fail due to its overexpansion and location factor as well. Small businesses failing mainly because it experiences a number of problems related to money, capital, management and planning as these are the key components to the success (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2009, p. 142). As detailed above, improper planning, insufficient capital and poor management are the major reasons for the failure of most small businesses. The major red flags or alerts of the failure of a business are high debt ratio, because giving too much credit to the customers will eventually cause business failure. Inadequate stock, poor management, declining working capital and selling the goods below the cost price due to fierce rigorous competition are some other factors that very often cause failure of small businesses. Strong cash flow is critical to the business success and thus many businesses fail because it lacks sufficient cash flow. When the business is experiencing gross loss and net loss, the outcome is that business will ultimately fail. Better management skill is

High School Exit Examinations Essay Example for Free

High School Exit Examinations Essay In order to evaluate the educational ability of students Standardized Tests or examinations, have been designed, which do so in an unbiased manner, irrespective of social background and educational experience. One such test is the multiple-choice examination, wherein the students have to make a selection from a number of answers for a particular question and indicate their choice on a test form. Such tests are frequently given to students who study in elementary and secondary schools (Standardized Tests, 2006). These examinations benefitted students to a large extent, because they had to take just one set of examinations, in order to apply for admission to different schools. The College Board initiated the Scholastic Aptitude Test or the SAT in 1926. The SAT is a multiple choice test that was based on the psychological tests given to US Army recruits. The SAT, by the year 1940, was being widely employed by educational institutions in the US (Standardized Tests, 2006). Standardized tests are taken by elementary school and high school, and undergraduates and graduates. The majority of these tests are controlled by the Educational Testing Service or ETS and the American College Testing or ACT Program. The results of these tests help educational institutions to assess scholastic performance and to ascertain the suitability of a student for a particular undergraduate or graduate degree program (Standardized Tests, 2006). The Center on Education Policy or the CEP had made it mandatory for fifty two percent of the students studying in the public schools to take the high school exit examinations. However, the implementation of this policy became difficult as the CEP had realized that opposition from the public towards this compulsory high school exit examination had been on the increase. It was also decided that students who failed to obtain a pass mark in this examination would not be awarded the high school diploma. This decision to withhold high school diplomas to students who failed in the exit examination was greeted with a great deal of resistance (Darling-Hammond, Rustique-Forrester, Pecheone, 2005). The implementation of the exit examinations also caused a gradual reduction in the number of graduate students. This was evident in the Afro – American and Latino students, English language learners and students with disabilities. This reform would result in reduced incentives for students who had been striving to remain in school, a reduction in the curriculum and a disregard for higher order performance skills, because of the utilization of limited measures and irrelevant judgments regarding student learning (Darling-Hammond, Rustique-Forrester, Pecheone, 2005). The use of exit examinations varies from state to state. Some states have already implemented them, whereas other states have not implemented them. A majority of states have put forward several options and alternatives. So far only eight states have implemented the mandatory exit examination as a compulsory requirement, in which the student has to obtain a pass mark, in order to obtain a high school diploma. Further, this system does not take cognizance of the excellence of performance of the students and their academic record and is solely guided by whether the students have obtained a pass mark in the exit examination or not (Darling-Hammond, Rustique-Forrester, Pecheone, 2005). Most of the states have implemented multiple measures of performance in order to evaluate the student’s capability of learning. The student requires a pass mark in the state examination, which is used as an indicator for the student’s ability to obtain a state diploma. Moreover, the student is also required to obtain a pass mark in other alternatives that test the student by using a wide range of methods so as to establish their academic learning. In these states, there is not just a single test to disqualify students from graduation but there exist an array of indicators to determine the knowledge of the students (Darling-Hammond, Rustique-Forrester, Pecheone, 2005). In an important report relating to the implementation of the high school exit test in the state of Mississippi, sixty five recommendations had been proposed. Some of these are, it would be totally inappropriate to require students to obtain a pass mark in an examination that contained material that had not been taught to the students. Further, the exit examination should be based on a multiple choice system, which would test thinking skills. Moreover, the exit examination would be undesirable for the students of the state of Mississippi. In addition, the national – level exit examination would require a total restructuring of the curriculum of the district schools, which would create serious difficulties. Furthermore, measures that evaluate the student’s skills and performance should be segmented. Moreover, great care would have to be taken while implementing tests that evaluate the performance and skills of students (ED384990 – Issues To Consider in Moving beyond a Minimal Competency High School Graduation Test, 1995). The states of Arizona, California and Utah introduced high school exit examinations, in which high school students from the year 2006 have to obtain a pass mark, in order to be awarded a high school diploma. In most of the states of the Union that enforce such high school exit examinations, students are required to take it in the sophomore year. The level of these tests is of the tenth grade and students who are unable to obtain a pass mark are provided with a number of opportunities to again take this test. Sixteen of the twenty three states that have made these tests compulsory have directed the schools to provide remediation to students who fail to obtain a pass mark. Furthermore, in states that are introducing these examinations, financial help for such remediation has in most of the cases been provided by it (David, 21st June, 2006). In the state of New York students have taken these high school exit tests with a very high degree of success and have obtained a large number of diplomas. However, this has not proved to be applicable to students belonging to the minority communities. The Education Commissioner disclosed that eighty one percent of white students obtained their diplomas in due course, whereas the students of minority communities found the obtention of pass marks in English, mathematics, global history, geography, US history and science to be a daunting task. Consequently, only forty two percent of the Hispanic students, forty five percent of African American and sixty eight percent of Asian students obtained their diplomas within the stipulated time (Hoff, 23rd of March, 2005). A survey conducted by the National Center on Educational Outcomes has revealed the fact that fifty percent of the states of the Union have made it mandatory to obtain a pass mark in the exit test, in order to be eligible to obtain a high school diploma. However, very few states have implemented an alternative procedure for evaluating disabled students, which is of an equivalent standard in comparison to the test applied to regular students. This report goes on to state that the absence of tests for the disabled and regular students that are of equivalent rigor, gives rise to the impression that disabled students are not competent to undertake grade level work (Samuels, 4th of May, 2005). In the state of California, the Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger passed a law that exempts disabled students from taking and obtaining a pass mark in the high school exit test. This new law states that if a student had been permitted to follow an individual education plan and if such a student had satisfied all other criteria for being awarded with a high school diploma and further if that student had received remediation for the exit test, then that student would be allowed to graduate, irrespective of having obtained a pass mark in the exit test. The objective of this law was to enable the state of California to provide better instructions for disabled students (Jacobson, 8th of Februray, 2006). In the state of Utah, even if students who do not obtain a pass mark in every portion of the high school exit test, they are awarded the high school diploma. However, such diplomas contain a statement that the student had not obtained a pass mark in the high school exit test. Several states of the Union are having second thoughts about continuing with such high school exit tests and at the same time a several students have proved to be unsuccessful in obtaining a pass mark in their graduation examinations. The law in the state of Utah has made it mandatory for high school students to obtain a pass mark in mathematics, reading and that part of the Utah Basic Skills Competency Test that comprises of tests on writing skills, in order to be awarded with a high school diploma (Olson, 25th January, 2006). In another study it was established that states of the Union, in which high school exit tests are in vogue, have a graduation rate and college entrance examination marks that are significantly lower than states that do not have such tests. In particular, students from states of the Union, that had made it mandatory to obtain a pass mark in the high school exit examination, fared worse than students from states of the Union that did not insist on such a condition, in the internationally acknowledged Scholastic Aptitude Test. Moreover, such students had a significantly lower rate of graduation (Viadero, 2nd of February, 2005). It has been opined by many people that high school exit examinations result in an increase in the number of students who discontinue their studies, before obtaining a high school diploma. The detractors of such exit examinations have very pertinently pointed out the fact that the already low graduation rates are being forced down to a much lower level. Many critics have stated that it would be patently unfair to deny a student who had completed thirteen years of schooling a high school diploma, merely because that student could not obtain a pass mark in the high school examination. Moreover, many persons consider such a denial of a high school diploma to be ruthlessly unjust, because such a diploma is essential for ensuring a bright future.

Soldier Suicide as Political Statement Essay -- Politics Army War Essa

Soldier Suicide as Political Statement At least twenty-nine U.S. soldiers stationed in Iraq and Kuwait committed suicide between March 2003 and March 2004. Even the Pentagon considers this an "alarmingly high" suicide rate. It lead the military to commission a morale poll to be completed by Stars & Stripes (August 2003) and to send in a special mental health advisory team to assess the situation. In April 2004, military officials reported the team's conclusion: while the suicide rate for soldiers overseas is almost double that of the civilian population, is not considered a "crisis". (1) Perhaps these suicides tell us more about how the implementation of "democracy" and "freedom" in Iraq is going than we learn from other (government sanctioned) reports. "What might we gain if we considered [suicide], however tentatively, as a kind of an achievement, even... as a kind of gift... not the one we might have wished for, but the one [they give] us when [they do] not have anything to give," writes Peggy Phelan, "A more expansive consideration of suicide might help make an intervention into the usual story of shame, failure, and anguish that all too frequently dominates the relationship of the living with those who kill themselves." (2) Let us listen to the self-inflicted deaths of U.S. soldiers in Iraq as statements of resistance that highlight problems with the United States' "all volunteer" military system. Many soldiers (particularly members of the Reserves and National Guard) are driven to enlist for financial/economic reasons. Faced with limited options, they may have purposefully kept at bay any serious consideration of the possibilities of combat so that they would be able to sign on. These soldier... ...nic dimensions of those inequities. When one considers that for many members of our "volunteer" army, their decision to enlist was made because it was one of their only options for stability, employment, college funding, citizenship... "supporting our troops" takes on different meaning. Soldiers in Iraq who took their own lives are calling out to the wider community to investigate why so many find themselves in a situation where death is their most empowered choice. Works Cited: 1 Statistics compiled from multiple news sources listed in the Media Analysis section that follows. 2 p.6-7, 24, Peggy Phelan, "Francesca Woodman's Photography: Death and the Image One More Time," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol. 27, no. 4, The University of Chicago, 2002. 3 Stanley Aronowitz, "Curb Your Enthusiasm," First of the Month , Winter 2004.

The Aging Process and Caring For the Elderly Essay -- The Aging Body,

Abstract This report presents several aspects of aging. The report looks at a number of theories of why we age, the physical and mental changes we undergo as we age, and ways of caring for the elderly. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................................................1 THEORIES OF WHY WE AGE............................................2 Genetics.....................................................2 Cellular.....................................................2 Physiological................................................2 PHYSICAL CHANGES..................................................2 MENTAL CHANGES....................................................5 Alzheimer's Disease..........................................5 Senile Dementia..............................................5 CARING FOR THE OLD................................................6 Retirement Communities.......................................6 Life-care Facilities.........................................6 House Sharing................................................6 Group Homes..................................................7 Low-cost, Government Subsidized Housing......................7 Foster Care..................................................7 Nursing Homes................................................7 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................9 WORKS CITED.......................................................10 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to discuss several aspects of aging. Several theories of why we age, based on genetic research, cellular research, and physiological research will be examined, along with physical and mental changes that are the result of aging. Specific mental changes that will be explored are Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia. The final aspect to be looked at will be the care of the elderly in retirement communities, life-care facilities, house sharing, group homes, low-cost government subsidized housing, foster care, and nursing homes. THEORIES OF WHY WE AGE Since research into aging is not guided by any one universally accepted theory, genetic, cellular, and physiological studies have yielded several hypotheses. Genetics The most popular genetic theory, the Error Theory, assumes that aging is the result of the accumulation of random genetic damag... ...cannot afford to stay for any long period of time. Probably the most unfortunate aspect of these homes is the focus in the news on abuse of the patients. This is the most important thing to research when you are looking at a nursing home. CONCLUSIONS 1. There is no one theory about why we age, but the subject is currently being researched in several areas. 2. The body goes through many changes as it ages, some of which can be slowed or prevented through the use of modern medicine. 3. Alzheimer's Disease is probably the most prominent mental disorder in elderly people, but research has found what it does to the brain, so a cure may be in the future. 4. There is a large range of establishments where elderly people can spend the later years of their life, depending on how self-sufficient they are, and how much they are willing to spend. WORKS CITED Maddox, George L. (Editor), The Encyclopedia of Aging. Springer Pub Co; 3rd edition. 2001. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. Poehlman E, Danforth E. The Aging Body: Physiological Changes. Am J Appl Physiol. 2012 Social Issues Resources Series. "Ways & Means: Options for Aging." Article #39, Vol. 3. Aging. 2014

The dramatic presentation of justice and morality in The Crucible Essay

Sin and Struggle is one of the most common things we can come across in our life. This concept of Sin and Struggle is presented very dramatically in the play of The Crucible. The play describes the fury mass hysteria, which took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 and shows people’s self-centred attitude. The dictionary definition of sin is any serious offence, as against a religious or moral principle. As The Crucible is set in a very strict Puritan community, anything, which is done as an offence will be regarded as a sin against Christianity. In the play, there is verification that there are struggles within the community and within characters themselves. Examples of these characters are John Proctor. Proctor is unable to agree with Danforth or his inner self and is a character that will go to any extent to prove what he says is right. In the other case, Mary Warren is incapable of standing in opposition to Abigail in the courtroom. The other main sources of dispute are also land, money, and religion. For example, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam have an argument over private land. In the play of The Crucible, the first sin we come across is dancing. The event occurs when Betty, Abigail, and her friends are dancing and conjuring up spirits in the wood with Tituba. According to Puritan Law, neither children nor anyone are admitted to dance. You can see that in the final court scene. DANFORTH: â€Å"What is this dancing? â€Å"(Act 3) You can see from this that dancing is a forbidden sin. The main event from the damnation is the sin of lechery between John Proctor and Abigail. We come to know this from Abigail and Proctor’s secret meeting. This is also the main sparking event for the witchcraft, which took place. You could say that this sin is the catalyst. The sin of lechery then triggers a lot of resentment between Elizabeth and Abigail. Therefore, many events after this are always to get rid of Elizabeth so she could fulfil her dreams with John Proctor. As this spell casting and witchcraft led to more and more dilemma, false accusations were starting to be made. The main cause of this complication is Betty Parris. She is in some sort of coma and that is when Parris calls for Reverend hale who is intellectual in witchcraft. Parris was not popular member in the community and he is a severe man who said that his ministry is much more important than his daughter’s life. Now that Abigail does not want the blame, false accusations were made. This is an advantage for Parris because this meant he was able to defend himself from other reverend’s fallacious talk. E

Early Mesoamerican and South-West Cultures

Early Mesoamerican and South-West Cultures Free Online Research Papers The people of the Americas all had unique characteristics because of their environment. There were the Mayas, the Incas, the Aztecs, and the Anasazi. The Maya were a tribe far to the East of Mexico. They had a polytheistic religion which had the same characteristics of gods that the nearby cultures had. There was a supreme god, Itzama, and the rest of gods were ranked in importance. Most gods had human characteristics and needed human sacrifices to propitiate them. It is said that rivalry among the Mayan city-states often involved bloody fights. Painting show a society bent on war and using captives as sacrifices. At the top of the society was a ruler and around the ruler were a class of aristocrats whose wealth was determined by ownership of land. Eventually many aristocrats became priests and the rest turned into a middle class. The rest of the population were farmers. Their ruler was of great importance and was able to construct a palace using 30,000 people. The Aztecs lived in the valley of Mexico. They too had a polytheistic religion. Some of their gods were nature deities and other were patron deities. They had a supreme god, but he wasn’t as important compared to others. They also needed human sacrifice. The Aztecs had a monarch that had religious and secular powers. Around was the royal family who elects the next monarch. To advise him into doing the right thing were a small group of lords headed by a prime minister who was at the top of the government and a bureaucracy. Their power was limited past the capital. All that was left were tax collectors who got tribute from the people. The government’s succession was hereditary. The noble families were either in the bureaucracy, in the military, or became a priest. The rest of the population was indentured workers, slaves, and commoners. The Inkas were a tribe in South America. They had three main gods, the sun, the moon, and the day-star. It was serviced by women who were virgins. They were never allowed to speak to men and known for their beauty. Some of these chosen also worked in the palace as concubines. They also loved war. They had a 200,000 soldier army, the largest and best armed in the region. They moved rapidly using a highway system and carried their supplies on llamas. The Inks were a monarchy too. They had provinces with 10,000 residents ruled by a governor related to the ruler. The capital was divided into four quarters and social status was rigidly defined. It was built on forced labor. The rural population were farmers. The Anasazi was a tribe in southwestern Colorado. Community religious functions in these two big circular chambers called kivas were celebrated often. It was a very agricultural community. Most of the society and political structure was equal. The exception was a leader of their community inside the pueblo and other priests. They had several thousand residents. There was internecine warfare and a bitter rivalry with the south. This may have led them relocating. There is also a theory of them relocating because of cannibalism which probably has to do with their religion. They mostly were farmers and had many irrigation canals. Even though there is not that much of the Anasazi to compare, there is a lot of differences as you go South into the Americas. There was the Anasazi who was a desert and united culture and then there was the Inkas with the monarchy. America is truly a North-South, environmentally and community wise, land. Research Papers on Early Mesoamerican and South-West CulturesCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

FGM

FGM Female Circumcision and Child Mortality An understanding of the causes of mortality in the country will help in the formulation of a policy that will directly influence mortality. The struggles and overcoming of sych a horrible process is hard and painful but to only be considered pure if important to the women in Somalia, and other aftican cultures.Circumcision Variables There are many different variables that contribute to infant mortality. First, there is low female education attainment. Other variables include the introduction of breast milk substitutes, short inter birth spacing, and the reduction of breast feeding. In Somalia, an additional factor may affect both early infant and late child mortality. This factor is circumcision is suspected that female circumcision is a primary cause of infertility, infant, child, and maternal mortality. In this paper, I intend to discuss what female circumcision is, explain the reason for circumcision in Somalia, and describe the effects that is has on women.English: A campaign against female genital mutilat...Female Genital Mutilation (circumcision) is a destructive procedure that is usually performed on females before they reach puberty. This is when part or all of the clitoris is surgically removed and leaves the young female with little or no sexual feeling. The procedure is done to reduce women to become sexual active before marriage. After this procedure takes place, many health problems occur.Age groups of Circumcision Women between the ages of fifteen and forty-nine years old have undergone one type or another of circumcision. Sixty-eight percent of the women are circumcised with the Pharaonic style. This is complete mutilation of female genital. Twenty-four percent are circumcised by the excision of the clitoris, and seven percent is completes by the Sunni procedure.A large percentage of young children die within the first three months due to tetanus, septicaemia, hemorrage or some type of...