Are Cigarette Butts Biodegradable

The rate of cigarette smoking has decreased precipitously in the United States. In 1965, a whopping 42% of adult Americans smoked. In 2007 that proportion dipped below 20 percent, and the latest data available (2013) estimates the percentage of adults who smoke at 17.8 percent. That is good news for people’s health, but also for the environment. Yet, almost all of us continue to witness smokers carelessly toss cigarette butts on the ground. Let’s take a closer look at the environmental effects generated by that littering behavior. A Colossal Litter Problem A 2002 estimate put the number of filtered cigarettes sold in a year, globally, at 5.6 trillion. From that, about 845,000 tons of used filters end up being discarded as litter, winding their way through the landscape pushed by wind and carried by water. In the United States, cigarette butts are the single most common item picked up during beach clean-up days. During the US portion of the International Coastal Cleanup program over 1 million cigarette butts are removed from beaches every year. Street and road cleanups report that butts make up 25 to 50 percent of the items hauled. No, Cigarette Butts Are Not Biodegradable The butt of a cigarette is primarily the filter, made of a type of plasticized cellulose acetate. It does not readily biodegrade. That does not mean it will persist whole in the environment forever though, as sunlight will degrade it and break it into very small particles. These small pieces do not disappear, but wind up in the soil or swept in water, contributing to water pollution. Cigarette Butts Are Hazardous Waste Many toxic compounds have been found in measurable concentrations in cigarette butts including nicotine, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium, cadmium, and a variety of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Several of these toxins will leach into water and affect aquatic ecosystems, where experiments have shown that they kill a variety of freshwater invertebrates. More recently, when testing the effects of soaked used cigarette butts on two fish species (saltwater topsmelt and freshwater fathead minnow), researchers found that one cigarette butt per liter of water was enough to kill half of the exposed fish. It is not clear which toxin was responsible for the death of the fish; the study’s authors suspect either the nicotine, PAHs, pesticide residues from the tobacco, cigarette additives, or the cellulose acetate filters.​ Solutions A creative solution may be to educate smokers through messages on the cigarette pack, but these admonitions would compete for real estate on the packaging (and for the smokers’ attention) with the existing health warnings. Enforcing litter laws would also certainly help, as for some reason littering with butts is perceived as more acceptable than, say, throwing fast food packaging out of a car window. Perhaps most intriguing is a suggestion to require cigarette manufacturers to replace existing filters with biodegradable and non-toxic ones. Some starch-based filters have been developed, but they continue to accumulate toxins and thus remain a hazardous waste. Despite some regional successes in curbing smoking rates, finding a solution to the cigarette butt litter problem is critical. In developing countries, about 40 percent of adult males smoke, for a total of 900 million smokers – and that number is still increasing every year. Sources Novotny et al. 2009. Cigarette Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6:1691-1705. Slaughter et al. 2006. Toxicity of Cigarette Butts, and their Chemical Components, to Marine and Freshwater Fish. Tobacco Control 20:25-29. World Health Organization. Tobacco.

The Life of G.F. Handel Essay - 1137 Words

The Life of G.F. Handel George Frideric Handel was born on February 23rd, 1685 in Halle, Germany. Handel had a passion for music from the time he was capable of understanding it. His father Georg was a highly respected barber/surgeon (Cavendish, vol. 4, pg. 60), which did not believe in music as a career and wanted his son to study law. Georg thought a career in law would offer more prospects and stability (60). Handel’s father was so against having his son play music, he took all of his son’s instruments out of the house. However, Handel was so interested in music he managed to sneak a clavichord into the loft of the house on which he practiced secretly (60). In his early years, up until he†¦show more content†¦While never actually working together, J.S. Bach copied many of Antonio’s works in trying to unravel the mystery that was behind his compositions. Then there’s Francesco Geminiani, which was a student of Corelli’s (Carlin 59). Unlike the previously mention ed composers, Geminiani was a soloist choosing to play the violin. The man responsible for teaching G.F. Handel how to play the keyboard and compose was Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau, who was an extraordinary musician himself. Aside from the violins there were also masters of the keyboards, such as a gentleman named Dietrich Buxtehude. Buxtehude had a determination to make the church a center of musical activity (Carlin 62) and founded a series of religious-oriented music. He is remembered today for his inspiration for Bach and other younger and greater composers. Bach and Handel are considered the Classical Giants. While their music was a strong influence to the Baroque time period, it was also their achievements that made them the most influential. There were also masterminds such as Hayden and Mozart who added to the culmination marking the development to what we consider classical music. Handel composed well over two hundred pieces in his lifetime. Ranging from oratorios, operas, cantatas, sacred and secular vocals,Show MoreRelatedDifference Between Oratorio, Cantata and Opera1640 Words   |  7 Pagesnarrator. The cantata addresses a religious topic, but it is not narrative. Rather it is a collection of commentary set to music, and the cantata is used in worship. In the religious music orb, the work methods of the two most important composers, G.F. Handel and J.S. Bach differed extensively. As early as the middle of the seventheenth century, the aria had supplanted the recitative as the most important musical component of the opera. This hierarchy remained intact throughout the Baroque period. TheRead MoreConcert1454 Words   |  6 PagesG.F Handel Trio Sonata in B-flat major Op.2, No 3: (Adagio/Allegro/Grave/Allegro) This piece was written in 1722 in London and performed in Convent Garden Theatre. G.F Handel (1685-1759) was a German-British Baroque composer whose works have been continuously played to the present. He is well-known for his orchestral suites and his chamber and vocal music. His most famous work is oratorio â€Å"The Messiah† C.P.E Bach Sonata for Oboe and Basso Continuo in G minor, Wq 135: (Adagio/Allegro/Vivace) Read MoreEssay on Freedom of Choice in A Clockwork Orange1220 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung man name Alex and his friends, every night they go around and start committing violent acts. In the novel Alex expresses his freedom of choice between good and evil. The freedom of choice is a decision that every person must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and to take control of his own future. This Freedom of Choice, no matter what the outcome is, displays person power as an individual, and any efforts to control or influence this choice between good and evil will takeRead Morebaroque study guide Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Baroque Dates: (1600-1750)    1.  What does â€Å"musical style† mean? Different types of musical compositions developed throughout different eras 2. What was going historically during this era?   What was life like? New ideas and art was being introduced everywhere. It was a time of personal expression and drama. There was controversy between Catholics and Protestants which caused long periods of religious war. It was also a time of scientific research and astronomical studies. 3. WasRead MorePart III Study Guide Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing historically during this era?   What was life like? The Baroque was a period of absolute monarchs. The monarchs had total control over every aspect of their realms: the economy, the books, the style of art, and even life and death. Louis XIV became the model and he set the stage for many things going on during this period. In many parts of Europe, a strict social hierarchy, rigid laws, and elaborate codes of dress and manners characterized life. There were no major wars. There were knew technological

How to End Poverty - 767 Words

End poverty by 2015. This is the historic promise 189 world leaders made at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000 when they signed onto the Millennium Declaration and agreed to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs are an eight-point road map with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the worlds poorest people. World leaders have agreed to achieve the MDGs by 2015. It’s up to us to make sure leaders follow through on these commitments. The United Nations Millennium Campaign supports and inspires people from around the world to take action in support of the Millennium Development Goals. Join the UN Millennium Campaign and be part of the generation that puts an end to poverty.†¦show more content†¦She was a customer of the hair salon shown in the image for many years. | | | |Poverty issues and the growing income gap in the U.S. are once again on the nations agenda. 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Living Paycheck At Paycheck A Common Occurrence Of...

Living paycheck to paycheck is a common occurrence in society today, especially for women. About 42 million women live near or below the poverty line, and about 28 million children depend on women as mothers. The story of Katrina Gilbert, a a single woman living in poverty, is told in Paycheck to Paycheck and it representatives the lives of many other women who are in her position. Katrina was previously married and is now separated. They were married for about eight years before he developed a drug addiction. The drug addiction was to expensive for the family to pay for along with other bills, so Katrina separated him. She feels that the marriage left her with nothing but her three children and as if those years of her life were wasted especially in terms of career and economic success. After her divorce, she did not have a job, and therefore, no source of income. She looked for a job for 8 months until she was hired at a home for elderly people. Here she makes $9.49 and hour. 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Bromden And His Changing Mind Essay Research free essay sample

Bromden And His Changing Mind Essay, Research Paper Outline Thesis: In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, Chief Bromden is a character who hasto work his manner back to being and moving like a existent homo after so many old ages of being dehumanized ( Porter 49 ) into a machine created by the evil Nurse Ratched. I. Bromden in the beginning A. Dehumanized by Nurse Ratched 1. structured 2. forbids express joying 3. commanding B. The consequence that the Nurse and the ward has on Bromden 1. could non smell 2. thinks of himself as little 3. fells in the fog 4. frights everything 5. sees himself as amusing 6. hallucinatesII. Bromden in advancement A. Gives up deaf and dumb B. Great turn # 8211 ; around C. Begins to smell things D. Regains his laugh E. Loosens upIII. Bromden at the terminal A. Bromden escapes B. Bromden is a hero C. McMurphy is decease ; Bromden strength D. Bromden becomes bigIV. Decision A. Modern universe ; machines destroy B. Nurse Ratched the machine C. Modern universe is the combine Bromden and his Changing Mind In One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest by Ken Kesey, Chief Bromden is a character whohas to work his manner back to being and moving like a existent homo after so many old ages of being dehumanized ( Porter 49 ) into a machine created by the evil Nurse Ratched. Bromden begins tochange every bit shortly as McMurphy tries to acquire the cats on the ward to open up and Bromden is the onewho gets the most out of Mr. McMurphy s therapy ( 97 ) . Chief Bromden eventually beats the evilnurse Miss Ratched by get awaying from the establishment. So Broken work forces # 8211 ; nevertheless frightened, beleaguered, splintered, and dehumanized # 8211 ; can be restored to manhood and wholeness ( 95 ) . A six pes seven inch Indian named Chief Bromden pretence to be a deaf deaf-and-dumb person after hewatched his male parent, Chief Tee Ah Millatoona, get ruined by his white m arried woman. Government agentsoften came to see his male parent about his belongings. The agents would walk right yesteryear Bromden likehe was non even at that place. When people stopped responding to Bromden, he stopped responding to the people. At the Combine which was the name for the ward, Bromden underwent intervention for hismedical status. The Combine split the patients into two classs, the Acutes and theChronics. The Acutes were the patients that had the ability to acquiring better while the Chronicshad no opportunity of acquiring better because of how serious their medical status is. In the Combineeverybody definitely considers Bromden as a Chronic. While in there and everybody believing heis a deaf deaf-and-dumb person, Bromden hear s information from other peoples conversations that he is notsuppose to hear. Throughout the fresh Chief Bromden feels little and he is really easilyintimidated. Without the aid of the newest cat on the ward, Randel Patrick McMurphy, hewould of neer been able to derive up adequate strength to experience good about himself once more and escapethe ward like he did in the terminal of the novel. McMurphy helps Bromden enormously plus everybody else that is on the ward. Heguides everybody to be human. McMurphy says Miss Ratched, the Nurse of the Combine, gainsher power by doing others feel like they have less. She controls everything they do from whenthey wake up to when they go to bed. McMurphy Rebels against Miss Ratched and attempts to acquire theguys on the ward to stand up for themselves excessively. The patients on the ward are non aloud to laughloosely harmonizing to Miss Ratched. McMurphy says when a adult male loses his ability to laugh he is nota adult male any longer. Most of the patients on the ward are dehumanized by Nurse Ratched controllingand orderly attitude. In the novel Bromden shows the most alteration from McMurphy s aid. Adequate alteration to come back after get awaying and recite the narrative. In the beginning of the fresh Bromden was at the point where he was completelydehumanized by Nurse Ratched. Miss. Ratched was the chief cause of his dehumanisation, butnot the start of it. It began is his early childhood with the struggle between his male parent, the Indianchief, and his white female parent that had control over his male parent. As it says in the Discovering AuthorsModules: Mrs. Bromden was a domineering adult females who cared small for her hubby s Indianheritage and was instrumental in selling his land to the authorities. . Miss Ratched is in a wayjust like Bromden s female parent. The manner his female parent wore down his male parent by doing him experience smalland small is the same thing Nurse Ratched is making to Bromden while on the ward ( Wallace 8 ) . After Bromden s male parent was dehumanized by his married woman it is Bromden s bend, presuming fromDiscovering Writers Modules that this novel is a fictionalized history of his childhoodexperience ( 8 ) . If the narrative Bromden told us about his early childhood background is true and sitis parrallel to the secret plan of the fresh so we can presume that Bromden is traveling to acquire dehumanizedby Nurse Ratched. So this is how Bromden starts out the novel, dehumanized and experiencing smallerand weaker.While Bromden is experiencing dehumanized and little Miss Ratched has the ward wellstructured and running smooth. She has everything running on clip and if something is out ofplace she will repair it right off because to her there is no such thing as unorganised ( Kesey 26 ) . AsPorter points out, since Miss Ratched is an ex-army nurse she is used to the high demands onorder. Her life was ever structured and she expects everybody and everything else to be thesame manner ( 48 ) . With construction there comes control, because construction is extremely improbable to existwithout some kind of control. If there was no control over the patients on the ward so theredefinitely would be no constru ction because that is what the patients are at that place for, a small construction intheir lives. Throughout the beginning of the fresh Bromden was ever kicking that NurseRatched has excessively much control over things. For illustration, in the novel, Bromden says NurseRatched can rush up clip or decelerate down clip depending what she wanted to make ( Kesey 73 ) . Healso says that she is commanding a fog machine when she sits behind the window at her controlpanel and sometimes it could last hours on terminal ( 75 ) . So with all the control she has over the wardthe patients truly experience pressured to make what of all time she says. The one thing that Nurse Ratched has control of that truly hurts the Combine is laughter. As Porter says, everybody sees Miss Ratched as a machine and non as a human. They think she isdehumanized herself along with them. To Bromden the tip of each finger was the same colour asher lips. Funny orange. Like the tip of a sodering Fe ( Kesey 4 ) ( 49 ) . Bromden and all the otherpatients on the ward are non thought of as human existences. Miss Ratched thinks of them as justobjects or pieces of machinery, so she treated them like pieces of machinery. With construction and command a playing a large portion in the day-to-day lives of the work forces on the ward, Miss Ratched does non see how the force per unit area of her control and desiring a structured environmenthad an negative mental consequence on the patients. Bromden does non hold that free laugh. As withMcMurphy, Bromden s healer he had a laugh with no opposition. Porter says, The inabilityto laugh therefore is a gage of the combine s force per unit area # 8230 ; ( 97 ) . The patients on the ward neverjust laugh slackly because they feel the force per unit area of Nurse Ratched when she is sitting behind theglass window of her office looking at them. With the opposition to express joy Bromden besides could notsmell the usual things that normal work forces can smell. All that he could smell was the oil from themachines and the het machinery ( Porter 30 ) . He could non merely smell the machines, he oftenhallucinated allot about them besides. Sometimes he would see machines in his room at dark wheneverybody else was asleep. The head is a amusing character who literally sees mikes in thebroom grips, wires in the walls, and baneful devices in the electric shavers ( Wallace 8 ) . Bromden at this point is non human. Leeds says the Combine, committed as it is to thesupremacy of engineering over humanity, extends its influence by dehumanising work forces and makingthem machines ( 20 ) . The force per unit area from Nurse Ratched dehumanized Bromden to where nowhe begins to see and smell things that a normal human being would non. The concluding consequence that Miss Ratched has on Bromden is his fright of everything. Kesey tries toget the reader to detect existent quick that they are covering with a frightened and intimidated character. Healso wants to bring f orth the feeling of a head that works curiously Kesey opens up the fresh withBromden stating They re out at that place ( 3 ) . All these jobs that Bromden has comes from MissRatched. If she was non so structured and hung up on control Bromden would non be this weakand dehumanized. In order for Bromden to derive his strength back from Nurse Ratched s dehumanisation, hehas to get the better of her control. One manner to interrupt the control is larning how to express joy. WhenMcMurphy and Bromden were up stairs waiting for there daze intervention McMurphy offeredBromden a piece of gum and he took it so started to laugh. Ronald Wallace said in DiscoveringAuthors Modules said The head must recover his laugh before he can recover his address, and hisfirst words to McMurphy when he has stopped express joying are thank you. Having recovered his amusing sense Bromden recovers his wellness ( 9 ) . At this point Bromden begins to demo marks ofsanity because he gives up the deaf and dense function ( Fish 17 ) . Equally shortly as Bromden regains hiscomic sense and giv es up his deaf and dense function everything else seems to fall right in topographic point. Hebegins to smell things a adult male should smell. Tanner say s Bromden begins to smell different olfactory properties. †¦ non until McMurphy came was at that place the adult male odor of dust and soil from unfastened Fieldss, andsweat, and work ( 98 ) . Bromden is determined non to allow Nurse Ratched destroy him with her soul-destroying method ( ken @ hotmail.com 1 ) . Bromden recognizes a image that he neer sawon the wards wall of a fisherman on a mountain watercourse. He begins conceive ofing the odors that thefisherman would smell ( 31 ) . The things he is smelling now compared to hot oiled machines aremore natural and loosen uping. Tanner states that This reawaked sensitiveness to the universe of nature, hishome environment, is a positive mark that Bromden is developing a opposition to the machine worldof the infirmary. ( 32 ) which means that Bromden is now get downing to defy Nur se Ratched scontrol she has over him. Now that Bromden is making a opposition to Nurse Ratched he is happening out there is moreto life than merely the establishment, and McMurphy attempts to demo him this by taking some cats on theward, plus Bromden, on a fishing trip. On their manner they stooped at a gas station and twoattendants gave McMurphy a difficult clip about demoing up with a clump of Canadian dollars. The patients inthe auto got depressed because they know what is traveling on. McMurphy sees in the auto that theguys are acquiring reasonably much ashamed for themselves and desiring to state sleep together it all and travel place. From Detecting Writers Modules Ronald Wallace explained that when McMurphy saw this hehelps the inmates gain more pride by freighting the attenders. He tells the attenders what theinmates are in for, depicting it with great item trusting to scare the attenders into believing theyare so nuts they could toss out and kill them any 2nd. McMurphy give s him the illustration ofstanding up to and on occasion crushing the seemingly almighty Combine ( Macky 4712 ) . Between the black male childs and the other forbearance on the ward Bromden gets picked on right in frontof his face merely as the two attenders picked on them when they were in the auto. McMurphy gavehim one illustration of standing up to that sort of penalty. So no affair how much Bromdenwas dehumanized by all the penalty the Combine had given him, he did non allow that destroy hiswhole life. Even though he was considered a chronic which meant there was no aid for himmentally he is bettering as a human being from McMurphy s aid. McMurphy is helpingBromden to better by giving him a small pride for himself. The terminal of Bromden therapy ( Porter 97 ) McMurphy has brought Bromden back tostrength once more. The cats on the ward were acquiring checked and cleaned for pediculosis pubis ( Kesey 260 ) . One of the patients on the ward named George was scared to acquire cleane d by one of the black AIDSs. McMurphy told the assistance merely to bury about him and travel on to the following cat. When the aidrefuses McMurphy starts a battle with him. One of the black AIDSs pin McMurphy down to the floor ( 261 ) . Right now Bromden sees himself in a different visible radiation so he did earlier. He begins seeingthis when McMurphy is pinned on the floor by one of the black AIDSs ( McCreadie 505 ) . Bromdenjoins in the battle to assist McMurphy get the better of the black male childs. After more of the AIDSs got the situationunder control, McMurphy and Bromden were sent up stepss to have daze therapy. After theshock therapy McMurphy through a party for the patients merely so they would hold some merriment beforehe escapes the following forenoon. When forenoon came McMurphy forgot to go forth because he fellasleep and subsequently on he finds out that one of the patients had killed themselves ( Kesey 304 ) . NurseRatched blames his decease on the whole ward doin g everybody fell like it was their mistake by themplaying God ( 304 ) . McMurphy gets so angry that he breaks down her door and ripped her shirtoff so her large chest would be shown ( 305 ) . Nurse Ratched so orders for McMurphy to hold alobotomy. The following clip the patients see McMurphy is when he is encephalon dead. At this pointBromden is to the full back to strength once more. It is symbolically represented when Bromden tries to putMcMurphy s chapeau on and it does non suit because he has grown to full size. Peter Fish said at theend of the book the head has switched topographic points with McMurphy ( 17 ) . This means McMurphy isnow going weak and he is get downing to lose against the Big Nurse while Bromden is makingprogress. McMurphy finally loses against Nurse Ratched when she gave him a leukotomy. When Bromden saw this he felt that since McMurphy helped him out by learning him to becomemore of a human being, he would assist him out and non allow hum sit at that place in bed for the remainder of hislife and suffer. So Bromden smothered McMurphy with his ain pillow. Ronald Wallace said inDiscovering Writers Modules that Bromden is amusing, and he is besides a hero. I kept acquiring this impression that I wanted to subscribe the list. And the more he talked about fishing for Chinook salmonthe more I wanted to travel. I knew it was a fool thing to desire ; if I signed up it d be the same as coming right out and stating everybody I wasn t deaf. If I d been hearing all this talk about boats and angling it d show I d been hearing everything else that vitamin D been said in assurance around me for the past 10 old ages. And if the Big Nurse found out about that, that I d heard all the scheming and perfidy that had gone on when she didn t think anybody was listening, she d Hunt me down with an electric proverb, repair me where she knew I was deaf and dumb. Bad as I wanted to travel, it still made me smile a small to believe about it: I had to maintain on mo ving deaf if I wanted to hear at all ( Kesey 197 ) .The quotation mark from the novel above proves since Bromden has written the novel, it is Bromdenhimself who exposes his ain comedy. The secret plan hints Bromdens growing toward the sort ofcomic position that enables him to compose such a novel. When he can turn the combine into acomedy, he has defeated it. In the novel during the fishing trip Bromden wanted to travel, but hehad no manner of subscribing up because he did non desire to give up his deaf and dense function. Bromdenlearns to look at his life as a amusing fiction and so to transform that fiction into art. AfterBromden had smothered McMurphy he lifted the control panel which McMurphy tried to liftpreviously in narrative. When he picks up the control panel he is get the better ofing the control that the wardhad on him. He is taking all that control they had over him for so many old ages and he is throwing itout of the window. When Bromden escapes he does non see the Cani s familiaris that has ever been aroundthe window, but merely the footfalls. Leeds explains that when Bromden escapes, he is associatedwith the geese that were winging operating expense. The Canis familiaris that was non at that place, but merely the footfalls wasassociated with McMurphy. He says this means that when Bromden escapes he is truly flyingover the fathead s nest following in McMurphy s footfalls ( 29 ) . So by the terminal of the narrative it isevident that Bromden did get the better of the control, gained his strength, and returned to his true size. From when McMurphy arrives at the Combine, to when Bromden makes his flight he ischanging all the clip. He is altering for the better. He started out as a machine that merely respondto stimulations in the ward, so he easy progressed until he had adequate strength to do his escape.Bromden defines the combine as a modal of the universe. Miss Ratched wants to robotize the menin the ward so when they leave they are an illustratio n to society ( Leeds 20 ) . So no affair how badBromden got dehumanized he succeeded to come back strong. In the modern universe, machines destroy nature, efficiency comes before beautyand robot-like cooperation is more valued so the person freedom ( 15 ) . This is the samething Nurse Ratched is seeking to make to the Combine. She wants everything to run how it issuppose to foremost, so if there is free clip that comes last. Peoples today are the same manner. Theywant everything to run perfect with no mistake. That is why people now build automatons to make the workfor us because they realized that people aren t perfect. Now since the automatons are now acquiring allthe occupations allot of people are out of work which means they are now low on money. Without moneyyou can t make anything in this universe because nil is for free. Bromden and his Changing Mind byDennis Flagg American LiteratureDecember 22, 1998 Fish, Peter. Barron s Book Notes. New York: Barron s Educational Series, 1984. ken @ hotmail.com. Reviews. Amazon.com 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN % 3D0453008151/greatsouthernresA/002-164 2554-7688452 gt ; ( 10 Jan. , 1999 ) Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest. New York: Penguin Books USA, 1996.Leeds, Barry H. Ken Kesey. New York: Frederick ungar Publishing, 1981.Macky Peter W. One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Magill 4710-4713Magill, Frank N. erectile dysfunction. Masterplots. New York: Salem Press, 1996.McCreadie, Marsha One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest: Some Reasons For One Happy Adaptation Pratt 500-508Pratt John C. erectile dysfunction. One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest.. New York: Penguin Books USA, 1996.Porter, M Gilbert. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Boston: G.K. Hall A ; Company, 1989Tanner, Stephen L. Ken Kesey. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1983.Wallace, Ronald. Ken ( Elton ) Kesey: Criticism Detecting Writers Modules 1998. galenet.gale. complalacp/neta # 8230 ; arch.html A ; r=1 A ; f=L3 ; 1 ; + 1258-14.ID gt ; ( 18 Nov.,1998 )

A Good Man Is Hard To Find Foreshadowing Essay Example For Students

A Good Man Is Hard To Find Foreshadowing Essay A Good Man Is Hard To Find Foreshadowing Essay In A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, one is struck by the unexpected violence at the end of the story. However, if one re-reads the story as second time, one will see definite signs of foreshadowing of the ending. In the course of this story, OConnor uses strong imagery to foreshadow the people and the events in this story. There are three significant times she uses this technique. They are the description of the grandmothers dress, the death of the family, and the conversation between the Misfit and the grandmother. When a person dies, they are usually dressed in their best outfit, just like the grandmother was dressed in what seemed to be in her Sunday best. A stronger foreshadowing is when OConnor states the reason for the grandmothers beautiful dress, In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady. (11). She herself predicts her own death. Unfortunately, she does not know this yet. Not only does OConnor foreshadow the grandmothers death, she foreshadows the deaths of the rest of the family. The foreshadowing of the familys death is very evident when they passed by a cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island. (12). It is not an accident that the numbers of graves five or six matches the exact number of people in the car. There are 5 people and a baby. Since a baby in not exactly a full person, it is appropriate to say five or six. This foreshadowing image leads into the next one: Look at the grave! the grandmother said, pointing it out. That was the old family burying ground. That belonged to the plantation. Wheres the plantation? John Wesley asked. Gone With the Wind, said grandmother. Ha. Ha. (12). The grandmothers reference to the plantation as gone with the wind can be seen as an image foreshadowing and symbolism of the familys state at the end of the story. Their souls are gone with the wind in death. Finally, a foreshadowing image is shown in the Misfit and the grandmothers conversation towards the end. He says Does it seem right to you, lady, that one is punished a heap and another aint punished at all? (28). It is known here that the Misfit will kill the grandmother. After all she aint punished for her crime of hypocrisy, self-centerness, and lying. The Misfit plays God and inflicts punishment where he sees necessary. In conclusion, Flannery OConnor uses strong imagery to foreshadow the ending of A Good Man is Hard to Find. She uses numerous images such as the grandmothers dress, the graveyard, and the conversation with the Misfit to foreshadow the characters future and events. Her foreshadowing images are both strong and difficult, so it does not spoil the end of the story. .